This is a survey paper on the second largest eigenvalue λ₂ of the adjacency matrix of a graph. Among the topics presented are the graphs with small λ₂, bounds for λ₂, algebraic connectivity, graphs ...

Hangzhou Lu Xiang Technology Co., Ltd. applied for a patent titled "Interactive Question and Answer Method and System Based on Artificial Intelligence" in May 2025, which was publicly disclosed by the ...

In this paper, we describe three graph theoretic heuristics that attempt to determine an optimal planar adjacency graph from a REL chart. Our computational experience suggests that these methods can ...